FIELD Issue 1

From https://field-journal.com/, where you can also find current issues of FIELD: ISSN 2694-0094 We are living through a singular cultural moment in which the conventional relationship between art and the social world, and between artist and viewer, is being questioned and renegotiated. FIELD responds to the remarkable proliferation of new artistic practices devoted to forms of political, social and cultural transformation. Frequently collaborative in nature, this work is being produced by artists and art collectives throughout North, South and Central America, Europe, Africa and Asia. While otherwise quite diverse, it is driven by a common desire to establish new relationships between artistic practice and other fields of knowledge production, from urbanism to environmentalism, from experimental education to participatory design. In many cases it has been inspired by, or affiliated with, new movements for social and economic justice around the globe. Throughout this field of practice we see a persistent engagement with sites of resistance and activism, and a desire to move beyond existing definitions of both art and the political. The title of this journal reflects two main concerns. First, it indicates our interest in a body of artistic production that engages the broadest possible range of social forces, actors, discursive systems and physical conditions operating at a given site. And second, it signals a concern with the questions that these projects raise about the “proper” field of art itself, as it engages with other disciplines and other modes of cultural production. How do these practices redefine our understanding of aesthetic experience? And how do they challenge preconceived notions of the “work” of art? For many in the mainstream art world this opening out is evidence of a dangerous promiscuity, which threatens to subsume the unique identity of art. As a result this work has been largely ignored by the most visible journals and publications in the field. At the same time, an often-problematic concept of “social engagement” has become increasingly fashionable among many museums and foundations in Europe and the United States. There is clearly a need for a more intelligent and nuanced analysis of this new tendency. However, it has become increasingly clear that the normative theoretical conventions and research methodologies governing contemporary art criticism are ill-equipped to address the questions raised by this work. FIELD is based on the belief that informed analysis of this practice requires the cultivation of new forms of interdisciplinary knowledge, and a willingness to challenge the received wisdom of contemporary art criticism and theory. We seek to open a dialogue among and between artists, activists, historians, curators, and critics, as well as researchers in fields such as philosophy, performance studies, urbanism, ethnography, sociology, political science, and education. To that end the journal’s editorial board will include a diverse range of scholars, artists, historians, curators, activists and researchers. It is our belief that it is only at the intersections of these disciplines that can we develop a deeper understanding of the cultural transformations unfolding around us. –Grant Kester, founder and editor, FIELDhttps://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/field_art_criticism/1000/thumbnail.jp

FIELD Issue 3

From https://field-journal.com/, where you can also find current issues of FIELD: ISSN 2694-0094 We are living through a singular cultural moment in which the conventional relationship between art and the social world, and between artist and viewer, is being questioned and renegotiated. FIELD responds to the remarkable proliferation of new artistic practices devoted to forms of political, social and cultural transformation. Frequently collaborative in nature, this work is being produced by artists and art collectives throughout North, South and Central America, Europe, Africa and Asia. While otherwise quite diverse, it is driven by a common desire to establish new relationships between artistic practice and other fields of knowledge production, from urbanism to environmentalism, from experimental education to participatory design. In many cases it has been inspired by, or affiliated with, new movements for social and economic justice around the globe. Throughout this field of practice we see a persistent engagement with sites of resistance and activism, and a desire to move beyond existing definitions of both art and the political. The title of this journal reflects two main concerns. First, it indicates our interest in a body of artistic production that engages the broadest possible range of social forces, actors, discursive systems and physical conditions operating at a given site. And second, it signals a concern with the questions that these projects raise about the “proper” field of art itself, as it engages with other disciplines and other modes of cultural production. How do these practices redefine our understanding of aesthetic experience? And how do they challenge preconceived notions of the “work” of art? For many in the mainstream art world this opening out is evidence of a dangerous promiscuity, which threatens to subsume the unique identity of art. As a result this work has been largely ignored by the most visible journals and publications in the field. At the same time, an often-problematic concept of “social engagement” has become increasingly fashionable among many museums and foundations in Europe and the United States. There is clearly a need for a more intelligent and nuanced analysis of this new tendency. However, it has become increasingly clear that the normative theoretical conventions and research methodologies governing contemporary art criticism are ill-equipped to address the questions raised by this work. FIELD is based on the belief that informed analysis of this practice requires the cultivation of new forms of interdisciplinary knowledge, and a willingness to challenge the received wisdom of contemporary art criticism and theory. We seek to open a dialogue among and between artists, activists, historians, curators, and critics, as well as researchers in fields such as philosophy, performance studies, urbanism, ethnography, sociology, political science, and education. To that end the journal’s editorial board will include a diverse range of scholars, artists, historians, curators, activists and researchers. It is our belief that it is only at the intersections of these disciplines that can we develop a deeper understanding of the cultural transformations unfolding around us. –Grant Kester, founder and editor, FIELDhttps://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/field_art_criticism/1001/thumbnail.jp

Uma entrevista com Grant H. Kester

O crítico e historiador de arte Grant H. Kester tem se dedicado à pesquisa das práticas de arte socialmente engajada, da cultura visual de movimentos de reforma norte-americanos e das relações entre o político e a teoria estética. Entre os anos de 1990 e 1996 ele foi o editor de artes visuais e de media-art do periódico Afterimage. Grant H. Kester tem uma asta produção de ensaios e de livros, sendo os mais recentes Conversation Pieces: Community + Communication in Modern Art (University of California Press, 2004) e The One and the Many: Contemporary Collaborative Art in a Global Context (Duke University Press, 2011). Em 2006 Grant H. Kester foi convidado a visitar Dublin, Irlanda, pelo projeto City Arts para realizar uma conferência sobre suas pesquisas recentes. Alguns dias mais tarde, em 11/6/2006, ele foi entrevistado por Tim Stott para o periódico Circa

Situated encounters with socially engaged art in community-based design

With the increased relevance of digital technologies in civil life comes the challenge of how to design research for citizen engagement. Drawing from three reflexive case studies presenting socially engaged arts (SEA) projects, we describe how, as artists, collaborators and researchers, we engaged in socially inclusive community-based projects. We argue that our roles required us to be both flexible and to adopt critical openness in practices of collaborative social facilitation. We conclude with insights to inform community-based research and enable nurturing and inclusive engagement in research design for the exploration of near-future digital technologies

In the dedicated pursuit of dedicated capital: restoring an indigenous investment ethic to British capitalism

Tony Blair’s landslide electoral victory on May 1 (New Labour Day?) presents the party in power with a rare, perhaps even unprecedented, opportunity to revitalise and modernise Britain’s ailing and antiquated manufacturing economy.* If it is to do so, it must remain true to its long-standing (indeed, historic) commitment to restore an indigenous investment ethic to British capitalism. In this paper we argue that this in turn requires that the party reject the very neo-liberal orthodoxies which it offered to the electorate as evidence of its competence, moderation and ‘modernisation’, which is has internalised, and which it apparently now views as circumscribing the parameters of the politically and economically possible

Acid ceramidase is upregulated in AML and represents a novel therapeutic target

There is an urgent unmet need for new therapeutics in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) as standard therapy has not changed in the past three decades and outcome remains poor for most patients. Sphingolipid dysregulation through decreased ceramide levels and elevated sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) promotes cancer cell growth and survival. Acid ceramidase (AC) catalyzes ceramide breakdown to sphingosine, the precursor for S1P. We report for the first time that AC is required for AML blast survival. Transcriptome analysis and enzymatic assay show that primary AML cells have high levels of AC expression and activity. Treatment of patient samples and cell lines with AC inhibitor LCL204 reduced viability and induced apoptosis. AC overexpression increased the expression of anti-apoptotic Mcl-1, significantly increased S1P and decreased ceramide. Conversely, LCL204 induced ceramide accumulation and decreased Mcl-1 through post-translational mechanisms. LCL204 treatment significantly increased overall survival of C57BL/6 mice engrafted with leukemic C1498 cells and significantly decreased leukemic burden in NSG mice engrafted with primary human AML cells. Collectively, these studies demonstrate that AC plays a critical role in AML survival through regulation of both sphingolipid levels and Mcl-1. We propose that AC warrants further exploration as a novel therapeutic target in AML

Biomarker Report from the Phase II Lamotrigine Trial in Secondary Progressive MS - Neurofilament as a Surrogate of Disease Progression

This work was supported by National MS Society (USA) under the Promise 2010 initiative and the MS Society of Great Britain and Northern Ireland as part of exploratory analysis for the UK MS Clinical Trial Network. VL is supported by Italian Minister of Health grant for young researcher 2008

Identification of a possible role of thymine DNA glycosylase (TDG) in epigenome maintenance

Thymine DNA glycosylase (TDG) was discovered as an enzyme capable of removing uracil (U) and thymine (T) from G/U and G/T mispairs, respectively. Owing to this ability, TDG was proposed to initiate restoration of C/G pairs at sites of cytosine or 5-methycytosine (5-meC) deamination. In addition to products of base deamination, the substrate spectrum of TDG covers a wide range of DNA base damages resulting from base oxidation and alkylation. TDG was also found to engage in physical and functional interactions with transcription factors, and more recent evidence supports additional interactions with the de novo DNA methyltransferases Dnmt3a and 3b in the context of gene transcription. Together with its biochemical properties, these observations suggest that TDG might be targeted to gene regulatory sequences as part of a macromolecular assembly to control their functional integrity. TDG may counteract the mutagenic effects of C and 5-meC deamination in CG-rich regions and/or be involved in the maintenance of CpG promoter methylation patterns. A tight regulation of CpG methylation at gene regulatory regions is critical for accurate gene expression, proper cellular differentiation and embryonic development. A somewhat surprising but in this context consistent finding was that, in contrast to other DNA glycosylases, TDG is essential for proper fetal development since a targeted knockout of the gene leads to embryonic lethality. To gain insights into the biological functions of TDG, we aimed to establish and apply biochemical fractionation procedures for high affinity purification and structural and functional characterization of TDG containing proteins complexes. The first part of the thesis was concerned with biochemical characterization of the protein interaction network of TDG in living mammalian cells. To this end, I applied different approaches allowing high affinity isolation of protein complexes from mammalian cells, such as the tandem affinity purification (TAP) method as well as immunoprecipitation of endogenous protein and of the TDGa isoform from TdgA overexpressing embryonic stem (ES) cells. These efforts, however, did not reveal any TDG interacting partners in subsequent mass spectrometry (MS) analyses. These results were surprising, as TDG was previously reported to interact with transcription factors and DNA methyltransferases. Remarkably, however, all previously identified protein interactors of TDG were discovered in screen with the respective partner proteins, and under conditions of simultaneous overexpression of both interacting proteins. The only proteins ever identified in screen with TDG were Sumo1 and Sumo3, which turned out to covalently modify the glycosylase. For this reason, we decided to pursue our search with classical cell fractionation experiments. We first did gel filtration experiments from total cell lysates and showed that TDG is indeed able to form distinct multiprotein complexes in undifferentiated mouse embryonic stem cells that may also contain the RNA helicase p68. Further subcellular fractionation experiments then revealed that TDG is present in all cell compartments, with a significant fraction of nuclear TDG being associated with chromatin, together with p68 and de novo DNA methyltransferases. Together with published findings, these results suggested that protein complexes containing TDG might act in a chromatin-associated context, at gene regulatory regions. The developmental phenotype of Tdg-/- knockout mice and the interactions of TDG with factors involved in developmental gene regulation (e.g. retinoic acid receptors RAR/RXR) implicate a function of TDG during early development and cell differentiation, at times governed by dynamic changes in gene expression, DNA methylation and histone modifications. Such changes have been studied using a well-established during in vitro differentiation of ES cells to lineage committed neuronal progenitors (NPs). We thus aimed to address the function of TDG as part of chromatin associated protein complexes during the process of retinoic acid induced differentiation of ES cells to NPs. In the second part of the thesis we made use of a this well-established in vitro differentiation system to examine the genome-wide localization of TDG to chromatin by TDG chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and to correlate TDG association to chromatin with gene expression and DNA methylation changes linked to cellular differentiation. TDG ChIP combined with high throughput sequencing showed that TDG associates with high preference to CpG islands in promoters of actively transcribed genes or genes poised for transcriptional activation. Such CpG rich sequences are normally unmethylated in mammalian genomes. Interestingly, we found TDG to localize to promoters of many genes controlling pluripotency (e.g. Oct4, Nanog) and developmental processes (e.g. Sfrp2, Tgfb2, Gata6), thus, supporting a function of TDG in cell differentiation and/or embryonic development. As different lines of circumstantial evidence have associated TDG with changes in CpG methylation following activation of hormone responsive gene promoters, we went on to further test genome-wide promoter methylation in Tdg+/- and Tdg-/- NPs making use of a combination of methylated DNA immunoprecipitation (MeDIP) and microarray technology. This showed that the loss of TDG does not affect global promoter DNA methylation. Nevertheless, there were a number of significant differences, suggesting that TDG might affect the CpG methylation pattern at some promoters. Also, owing to the limited resolution of the MeDIP method, however, we could not exclude an involvement of TDG in the control of DNA methylation of specific promoter CpGs. Additional bisulfite sequencing of promoters of TDG bound developmental genes (e.g. Sfrp2, Tgfb2) in NPs and differentiated mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) have indeed proved that loss of TDG affects local changes in DNA methylation at particular CpGs. Subsequent analysis of genome-wide gene expression profiles of ES cells and differentiated Tdg+/- and Tdg-/- NPs revealed that a limited number of genes (229) are differentially regulated in ES, whereas substantial differences in gene expression in were observed in NPs (1022 genes). This implicated a specific function of TDG in the regulation of cell differentiation triggered gene expression changes. Detailed analysis of the expression of the Pax6 gene, accurate regulation of which is essential for proper neuron development, showed that its promoter is bound by TDG and that its transcription is inappropriately regulated upon further differentiation of Tdg-/- NPs into the neuronal lineage. Whereas Tdg+/- NPs efficiently downregulated Pax6 (50x) and further differentiated into neuron-like cells, Tdg-/- NPs only partially downregulated Pax6 gene expression (6x) and underwent apoptosis at day 2 after plating in neuronal medium. This phenotype was complemented by expression of TDGa, clearly implicating TDG in the regulation of Pax6 expression during differentiation of ES cells to terminal neurons. We further observed misregulation of pluripotency genes (e.g. Oct4) regulated by TDG bound promoters during early differentiation of ES cells. In the absence of TDG, ES cells showed the tendency to enter spontaneous and/or RA induced differentiation, suggesting a role for TDG in the regulation of pluripotency. During RA induced differentiation we further observed the activation of the neuron specific gene Lrrtm2 exclusively in TDG proficient cells. In addition, ChIP experiments showed that transcription factors involved in the activation of the Lrrtm2 gene (e.g. COUP-TFI, RAR) are not recruited to the respective promoter in Tdg-/- cells, suggesting that TDG might act passively as a scaffold factor important for the recruitment of transcription factors to promoter regions. I set out to clarify the biological function of TDG by investigating its molecular interactions in mammalian cells. I found that TDG, as a DNA repair enzyme, associates tightly with chromatin, where it localizes with high preference to CpG island promoters of active genes and genes poised to be expressed. I also found that the loss of TDG causes misregulation of genes during cell differentiation and that this appears to be related to a function of TDG in establishing and/or maintaining CpG methylation pattern in gene regulatory sequences. These discoveries implicate a novel function of DNA repair, in the maintenance not only of the genome, but also the epigenome

The Artist in the Library

Through the course of this paper I seek to intertwine a story of my own creative relationship with libraries with accounts of artists’ work, including the work of my students. My goal is to articulate the ways in which artists work with, in, and on libraries and in doing this to define features of a library aesthetic. It is impossible, writing in London in 2016, to ignore the dire context for UK public libraries. Reductions in local government funding have resulted in widespread disregard by local authorities to their responsibilities under the 1964 Public Libraries and Museums Act – their statutory duty to provide a ‘comprehensive and efficient library service for all persons to make use thereof’. (Culture, Media and Sport Committee 2012, online) Cuts to library services continue apace [{note}]1. Writers, poets, artists and authors add their pleas to the protests against closures [{note}]2, but go largely unheeded. The idea of defining a library aesthetic might seem futile in the face of this austerity drive, but through my analysis of such an aesthetic, I hope to explore the potential of artworks to highlight and extend our understanding of its possibilities

Is it any wonder? On commissioning an ‘uncommissioned’ atmosphere: a reply to Hillary and Sumartojo

This article is a reply to Fiona Hillary and Shanti Sumartojo’s “Empty-Nursery Blue: On Atmosphere, Meaning and Methodology in Melbourne Street Art”, published in Public Art Dialogue in October 2014.1 Hillary and Sumartojo present a welcome addition to the literature on street art and graffiti in their sustained analytic focus on a particular work of street art and its place-based reception. However, their analysis of Adrian Doyle’s Empty Nursery Blue is compromised by their largely unacknowledged investment and involvement as commissioners and curators of the work. Further, Hillary and Sumartojo’s adoption of the concept of affective atmosphere and a positive sense of enchantment operates to discount viewers’ contradictory social-emotional responses to the work. While the authors’ attempt to incorporate authoethnographic methods appears promising, in practice this bears little in common with the critically reflexive practice of autoethnography, and is rather used as a circular rhetorical device to demonstrate the presence of the very notion of enchantment so central to the authors’ interpretation of Empty Nursery Blue. The liminal status of Empty Nursery Blue as apparently uncommissioned street art and as commissioned public art presents an unacknowledged tension at the core of this partial interpretation that may yet be ultimately productive of the very notion of wonder and enchantment. A critical expansion of the notion of enchantment to encompass a variety of affective responses and forms of material and ethical engagement is suggested